Delta’s 24th Dream Flight – credit, Delta AirlinesDelta Airlines Treats Teens to Free ‘Dream Flights’ Inspiring Many to Become Pilots and Engineers
Delta’s 24th Dream Flight – credit, Delta AirlinesA US startup plans to deliver ‘sunlight on demand’ after dark. Can it work – and would we want it to?
Can a new satellite constellation create sunlight on demand? SpaceX/Flickr, CC BY-ND
Michael J. I. Brown, Monash University and Matthew Kenworthy, Leiden UniversityA proposed constellation of satellites has astronomers very worried. Unlike satellites that reflect sunlight and produce light pollution as an unfortunate byproduct, the ones by US startup Reflect Orbital would produce light pollution by design.
The company promises to produce “sunlight on demand” with mirrors that beam sunlight down to Earth so solar farms can operate after sunset.
It plans to start with an 18-metre test satellite named Earendil-1 which the company has applied to launch in 2026. It would eventually be followed by about 4,000 satellites in orbit by 2030, according to the latest reports.
So how bad would the light pollution be? And perhaps more importantly, can Reflect Orbital’s satellites even work as advertised?
Bouncing sunlight
In the same way you can bounce sunlight off a watch face to produce a spot of light, Reflect Orbital’s satellites would use mirrors to beam light onto a patch of Earth.
But the scale involved is vastly different. Reflect Orbital’s satellites would orbit about 625km above the ground, and would eventually have mirrors 54 metres across.
When you bounce light off your watch onto a nearby wall, the spot of light can be very bright. But if you bounce it onto a distant wall, the spot becomes larger – and dimmer.
This is because the Sun is not a point of light, but spans half a degree in angle in the sky. This means that at large distances, a beam of sunlight reflected off a flat mirror spreads out with an angle of half a degree.
What does that mean in practice? Let’s take a satellite reflecting sunlight over a distance of roughly 800km – because a 625km-high satellite won’t always be directly overhead, but beaming the sunlight at an angle. The illuminated patch of ground would be at least 7km across.
Even a curved mirror or a lens can’t focus the sunlight into a tighter spot due to the distance and the half-degree angle of the Sun in the sky.
Would this reflected sunlight be bright or dim? Well, for a single 54 metre satellite it will be 15,000 times fainter than the midday Sun, but this is still far brighter than the full Moon.
The balloon test
Last year, Reflect Orbital’s founder Ben Nowack posted a short video which summarised a test with the “last thing to build before moving into space”. It was a reflector carried on a hot air balloon.
In the test, a flat, square mirror roughly 2.5 metres across directs a beam of light down to solar panels and sensors. In one instance the team measures 516 watts of light per square metre while the balloon is at a distance of 242 metres.
For comparison, the midday Sun produces roughly 1,000 watts per square metre. So 516 watts per square metre is about half of that, which is enough to be useful.
However, let’s scale the balloon test to space. As we noted earlier, if the satellites were 800km from the area of interest, the reflector would need to be 6.5km by 6.5km – 42 square kilometres. It’s not practical to build such a giant reflector, so the balloon test has some limitations.
So what is Reflect Orbital planning to do?
Reflect Orbital’s plan is “simple satellites in the right constellation shining on existing solar farms”. And their goal is only 200 watts per square metre – 20% of the midday Sun.
Can smaller satellites deliver? If a single 54 metre satellite is 15,000 times fainter than the midday Sun, you would need 3,000 of them to achieve 20% of the midday Sun. That’s a lot of satellites to illuminate one region.
Another issue: satellites at a 625km altitude move at 7.5 kilometres per second. So a satellite will be within 1,000km of a given location for no more than 3.5 minutes.
This means 3,000 satellites would give you a few minutes of illumination. To provide even an hour, you’d need thousands more.
Reflect Orbital isn’t lacking ambition. In one interview, Nowack suggested 250,000 satellites in 600km high orbits. That’s more than all the currently catalogued satellites and large pieces of space junk put together.
And yet, that vast constellation would deliver only 20% of the midday Sun to no more than 80 locations at once, based on our calculations above. In practice, even fewer locations would be illuminated due to cloudy weather.
Additionally, given their altitude, the satellites could only deliver illumination to most locations near dusk and dawn, when the mirrors in low Earth orbit would be bathed in sunlight. Aware of this, Reflect Orbital plan for their constellation to encircle Earth above the day-night line in sun-synchronous orbits to keep them continuously in sunlight.
Bright lights
So, are mirrored satellites a practical means to produce affordable solar power at night? Probably not. Could they produce devastating light pollution? Absolutely.
In the early evening it doesn’t take long to spot satellites and space junk – and they’re not deliberately designed to be bright. With Reflect Orbital’s plan, even if just the test satellite works as planned, it will sometimes appear far brighter than the full Moon.
A constellation of such mirrors would be devastating to astronomy and dangerous to astronomers. To anyone looking through a telescope the surface of each mirror could be almost as bright as the surface of the Sun, risking permanent eye damage.
The light pollution will hinder everyone’s ability to see the cosmos and light pollution is known to impact the daily rhythms of animals as well.
Although Reflect Orbital aims to illuminate specific locations, the satellites’ beams would also sweep across Earth when moving from one location to the next. The night sky could be lit up with flashes of light brighter than the Moon.
The company did not reply to The Conversation about these concerns within deadline. However, it told Bloomberg this week it plans to redirect sunlight in ways that are “brief, predictable and targeted”, avoiding observatories and sharing the locations of the satellites so scientists can plan their work.
The consequences would be dire
It remains to be seen whether Reflect Orbital’s project will get off the ground. The company may launch a test satellite, but it’s a long way from that to getting 250,000 enormous mirrors constantly circling Earth to keep some solar farms ticking over for a few extra hours a day.
Still, it’s a project to watch. The consequences of success for astronomers – and anyone else who likes the night sky dark – would be dire. ![]()
Michael J. I. Brown, Associate Professor in Astronomy, Monash University and Matthew Kenworthy, Associate Professor in Astronomy, Leiden University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
India Community Center in California partnering with TiE to host 2023 business conference
Entrepreneurs, beware: Owning your own business can make it harder to get hired later
Unfortunately, many of of these enterprises won’t last long: 30% of new businesses fail within two years, and half don’t last past five, according to the Small Business Administration. While some of these unlucky founders will pursue new ventures, many others will try to rejoin the traditional labor force.
You can’t blame them. People often see “going back to work” as a safety net for risk-taking entrepreneurs. As professors of management who study entrepreneurship, we wanted to see if this was true.
Screened out
So we surveyed more than 700 hiring professionals to determine whether founders really can get new jobs that easily, as well as seven former entrepreneurs who successfully made the transition back into the workforce.
We found that former business owners were actually less likely to get interviews compared with applicants with only traditional experience. This was true regardless of whether they had sold or closed their businesses. And the longer they were out of the traditional workforce, the worse their chances of success were.
Why do employers hesitate to take a chance on former business owners?
It starts at the earliest stages, with the recruiters who screen people into – or out of – consideration for interviews. We found that recruiters worried that entrepreneurs would jump ship to start their own companies as soon as they can. This is a problem for employers, since hiring is a long, expensive process that can take months or even years to pay off.
For example, one recruiter told us, “I am looking for candidates that will be long-term employees, as we invest quite a bit into each hire. When I interview people, it is generally a red flag if they say they want to start their own business or already have a business on the side.”
A related fear: A worker who leaves to start a new venture might be tempted to poach talent, clients and tactics from their old employer.
Recruiters were also concerned that former entrepreneurs may refuse to take directions. Spending time as your own boss can make it difficult to adapt to a lower place on the organizational hierarchy. As one recruiter in our study put it, former business owners “are used to being the one who makes all the decisions.”
They also raised issues of job fit, questioning whether ex-entrepreneurs’ knowledge and abilities would translate to traditional work. “The concern would be the skills they have developed don’t transfer,” said one of our interviewees. In addition, for entrepreneurs who have worked alone, it can be difficult for recruiters to know how well they’ll perform with others.
Even when a former entrepreneur is a good match for a position, recruiters can fail to make the connection because of stereotypes or misunderstandings about their experience. A former bakery owner we interviewed recalled applying for a position and being pigeonholed based on their experience: “They said, ‘Oh, I wish we were hiring for a baker!’ and I said, ‘No, no, no, I’m applying for your front office.’ It was like they thought all I knew was just a baker, but that is far from the truth.”
Landing an interview
Our research adds to a growing body of evidence that ex-entrepreneurs struggle to get interviews and offers. Thankfully, it also offers insights that organizations can use to improve their applicant pool – and that enterprising job seekers can use to boost their odds.
Our study found that former entrepreneurs face less bias when they apply to roles that seem entrepreneurish – in other words, that are in line with stereotypes about business owners. So, for example, they’re more likely to land interviews when applying for positions with a lot of autonomy, such as in new business development, rather than those that require following lots of rules, such as in legal compliance.
Relatedly, our research suggests that recruiters – perhaps unintentionally – have biases against ex-entrepreneurs. Acknowledging such tendencies is a good first step toward minimizing their influence. Moreover, not all recruiters are equally affected: Another recent study showed that recruiters who also have prior entrepreneurial experience – as well as women and those who were recently hired – were less likely to screen out former business owners. So organizations with more diverse hiring teams and a deeper understanding of entrepreneurial experience might see less-biased results.
For their part, ex-entrepreneur job applicants would be wise to highlight in-demand aspects of their work history. For instance, a recent survey by Boston Consulting Group found that executives rank innovation as one of their top three priorities. Former entrepreneurs should emphasize their many valuable characteristics – such as being passionate and creative – that contribute to innovation.
The lack of a traditional employment history may create obstacles for entrepreneurs trying to rejoin the workforce. Recruiters who overlook their value risk missing out on strong candidates.![]()
Jacob A. Waddingham, Assistant Professor of Management, Texas State University and Miles Zachary, Associate Professor of Management and Entrepreneurship, Auburn University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Donald Trump, “Hillary’s getting all ‘pumped up’ for the Debate, let’s have a drug test.”
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unlawful assembly and ordered the crowd to disperse, herding the crowd out of the city's hotel and restaurant-filled Gaslamp Quarter. San Diego police said on Twitter that 35 arrests were made during the protest. No property damage or injuries were reported, the police said. "Fantastic job on handling the thugs who tried to disrupt our very peaceful and well attended rally," Trump tweeted to police afterwards. Trump has weathered months of blowback from all ends of the political spectrum for his immigration policy, which calls for the building of a wall along the US-Mexico border and deporting the nearly 11 million undocumented immigrants who reside in the United States. While Trump is running unopposed in the June 7 California Republican primary, his stance on border control and deportation seems unlikely to resonate with the electorate at large in a state where political fallout from a Republican-backed crackdown on illegal immigrants 20 years ago cost the party dearly. — Reuters No debate with Sanders: Shortly before taking the stage in San Diego, Donald Trump issued a statement ruling out a one-on-one debate with second-place Democratic hopeful Bernie Sanders killing off a potentially high-ratings television spectacle The suggested debate, an idea first raised during a talk show appearance by the New York billionaire, would have sidelined Hillary Clinton but given Sanders a huge platform ahead of California primary, A day after saying he would welcome a Sanders debate, Trump called the idea 'inappropriate', declaring that he should only face the Democrats’ final choice 200 jail beds reserved for Republican convention: The US city that would host the crucial Republican National Convention in July has reserved 200 beds at the jail anticipating protests during the mega meet that would officially nominate Donald Trump as the party's presidential candidate According to a local media outlet - Cleveland.com - the city which would host the GOP convention in July, Cuyahoga County, will keep 200 beds open at the County Jail for those who may be arrested during the Republican National Convention. The county will be paid up to $250,000 by the city of Cleveland to house those arrested from July 16 through July 23, according to a proposal submitted to the county's Board of Control, which meets on May 31 Raises $6 m in first fund raising event: Donald Trump has raised $6 million and received pledges for another $4 million in his first fundraising event after emerging as presumptive Republican presidential nominee Trump, who self-funded his primary election campaign by putting more than $40 million from his own pocket, has said he intends to raise $1 billion Source: http://www.tribuneindia.com
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PM Modi greets Obama with hug
US President Barack Obama landed in New Delhi on Sunday for the start of a 3-day visit to India, receiving a hug from Prime Minister Narendra Modi as he disembarked from Air Force One. In a departure from protocol, Mr Modi drove to the airport to greet the President and his wife, Michelle. Source: Video
President Obama Meets and Plays Soccer with Honda's ASIMO Robot

A few decades ago, interactive robots with human-like motion capabilities were only a figment of imagination, but technology has progressed quiet a distance since then. During his visit to Japan, U.S. President Barack Obama saw this firsthand after meeting up with Honda's humanoid robot ASIMO at Tokyo's National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation (known as "Miraikan"). ASIMO, which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, greeted the president in English: "Mr. President, I am ASIMO, a humanoid robot. It is a pleasure to meet you." And that's not all, as ASIMO chit-chatted and even kicked a soccer ball to President Obama who said he was "impressed" with the robot – though, from the CNN video, it does seem that ASIMO's jumping act was a little bit…awkward. "I keep training every day so that someday in the future I can help people in their homes," ASIMO told the president. By John Halas, Source: Carscoops
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Roger Federer as King Arthur

looks, considering the chance it gave photographer Annie Leibovitz to make that punny play on the word "court." Federer, 26, is seen with his sword drawn posing on a rock as the gallant King Arthur in an image set against a background shot at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall. the tennis player said: "I did feel strong on
that rock. I'm higher than everybody. I got the sword. I got the armour. It felt very funny and good actually." "The Sword in the Stone" was the last animated feature film from his studio that premiered before Walt Disney's death ("The Jungle Book" came out some months later). Walt surely would have been pleased with this shot. Source: Article
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Amazon Founder Bezos To Buy Washington Post
Watergate scandals and disclosures about the National Security Administration’s surveillance program in May, has been unable to escape the financial turmoil that has engulfed newspapers and other “legacy” media organisations. “The rise of the Internet and the epochal change from print to digital technology have created a massive wave of competition for traditional news companies, scattering readers and advertisers across a radically altered news and information landscape and triggering mergers, bankruptcies and consolidation among the owners of print and broadcasting properties,” the daily said. “Every member of my family started out with the same emotion-shock-in even thinking about. But when the idea of a transaction with Jeff Bezos came up, it altered my feelings,” said Donald Graham, the Post Co’s chief executive. “The Post could have survived under the company’s ownership and been profitable for the foreseeable future. But we wanted to do more than survive. I’m not saying this guarantees success but it gives us a much greater chance of success,” said Graham whose family held the newspaper for four generations. Source: News-Bullet
Was Obama's Electronic Security Order Overzealous
There's much to be said following President Obama's State of the Union Address last night. For those of us here at SiliconANGLE, one of the more concerning topics he discussed was of a recent executive order on cybersecurity. While addressing the matter, Mr. Obama urged congress to take action to protect the nation's computer infrastructure from cyber attacks. The comments by the president were "calls for unity," as Mark "Rizzn" Hopkins pointed out. "It was a form of bullying" that Obama used to shame the opposition party into "falling into line." Though these sorts of rhetorical claims are not too uncommon in the world of politics, it should be noted that Mr. Obama brought up the topic in context to issues of national security, including it with issues such as nuclear armament. Mr. Hopkins suggested that the president may have been making the issue sound more dramatic than it actually was, and further continuted to suggest that the cyber security executive order signed by the president was limited in potential and lacked any real direction. Mr. Hopkin's description of the order summed it up rather nicely, noting "I'm going to sign this order and have somebody about 15 layers beneath me come up with some good ideas that will hopefully
slap a band-aid on the with problem of security that we have the United States Government." He continued on saying, "A call for best practices is literally what it is...A lot of hand waiving." "There's no possible way you can look at this executive order and see anything good coming out of it." Powerful words, but considering the executive order is non-binding, and lacks the power to enable agencies to take any action on the matter, Mr. Hopkins actually sees this as a positive measure, in place of a corresponding piece of legislation. "It's much more complex than any enterprise situation...It's almost comical to think that it can be done with any type of legislation." So then perhaps it's best that Mr. Obama has issued an executive order, rather than leaving the job to congress, especially given the lampoonery of the highly criticized CISPA bill -- a bill described by Mark Hopkins as "nobody wants that - nobody in their right mind seems to think it's a good idea, but that's what's in the bill." There's no question that the government needs to have a secure network, but given the impotence of President Obama's order, and the laughably bad legislation regarding cyber security in the past, it would seem that perhaps the government would do well to stay out of the realm of cyber security, at least for now.
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Thane tribal girl's film wins award in New York
A documentary film made by fifteen year-old Jayshree Janu Kharpade, a tribal girl from Wada taluka of Thane district, has won an award in the Asian American Film Festival held in New York recently. Jayashree, who studies in Eklavya Parivartan Vidyalaya here, made the 27-minute-long documentary- 'Fire in our Hearts' on the lives of the children in the brick kiln owners. In 2003, when she was eight, Jayshree had to quit school. After her mother's death, she had to tend to her three younger brothers while her father worked at a brick kiln. In the film, which won the 'One to Watch' award at the festival, Jayshree documented her family and village as well as the tenacious efforts of the tribal union for the equal rights to education. "It shows that if tribal girls are given an opportunity, they can excel. However, the sorry state is that they have been ignored by the society and it is high time we bring them into the main stream," Vivek Pandit, chief of the Shramajivi Sanghatana said. It was the story of the girl's struggle that made documentary filmmaker Joyce Chopra of New York-based NGO, By Kids, approach Jayshree. A two-member team flew down from New York in February this year and stayed for a month in the boarding school to teach Jayshree to handle the camera. After a week of lessons on how to handle the camera, the girl marched to her village in Wada to document the story of her life. The Asian American International Film Festival (AAIFF) is produced by Asian CineVision (ACV), a nonprofit media arts organization devoted to the development, promotion and preservation of Asian and Asian American film and video. Source: Screen India






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